![]() It brings the listener back to something familiar. Yet, the last line of the chorus is a repeat of the last line of the verse. The chorus presents something new to hear-a contrast from the verse. In this song, the repetition comes when the second verse, or part A, returns after the chorus. The American folk song “Polly Wolly Doodle” is a short example of repetition and contrast. ![]() Ideas may return in their original form, or they may be transformed to present nuances and therefore new meanings. Repetition, depending on the way in which the material is repeated, can also be used in creating a much longer work. In diagramming varied repetition, it is shown as A 1, meaning that the A section has repeated and is similar to A, is embellished, or is altered. If the repetition is varied, a composer will include enough of the original statement for the listener to recognize it. It may be literal, meaning exactly the same, or it may be varied. Repetition is common to all musical forms. The term restatement implies that the first section (the melody or theme) follows a contrasting melody or theme. In longer musical works that incorporate thematic development (e.g., sonata allegro form), when the original melodic or thematic statement (A) follows a contrasting section (B), it is restatement rather than repetition. ![]() Repetition may be immediate (AA, meaning that a phrase may be immediately repeated without a contrast) or come after a new idea has been presented (ABA the B section is the one contrasting the A section). The repetition of a phrase reinforces the melody and makes the listener more acquainted with it then a new, different phrase is introduced (the contrast). Repetition and contrast also help the listener perceive musical form. These concepts evolved as a response to the human need for comfort in the familiar and then, becoming bored with the familiar, a change to something new. Repetition and contrast are the two most basic elements of musical form. This is an excerpt from Music Fundamentals for Dance With Web Resource by Nola Holland. ![]()
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